Thyroid Disorders: Common Symptoms

The thyroid is a small gland in the neck that controls the body's metabolic speed. When it produces too little hormone (hypothyroidism) everything slows down; when it produces too much (hyperthyroidism) everything speeds up. Thyroid disorders are very common in India — particularly among women — and are easily diagnosed with a blood test.

Symptoms of an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)

• Persistent tiredness and low energy
• Weight gain despite no change in diet
• Feeling unusually cold
• Constipation, dry skin and hair fall
• Slowed thinking, low mood or forgetfulness
• Irregular or heavy periods

Symptoms of an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)

• Unintentional weight loss despite good appetite
• Palpitations — a racing or pounding heartbeat
• Trembling hands, anxiety or irritability
• Excessive sweating and heat intolerance
• Frequent loose motions
• Disturbed sleep

How thyroid problems are diagnosed

A simple blood test — TSH, often with T3 and T4 — answers most questions. One important caution: mild abnormalities, especially a slightly raised TSH, do not always need treatment. Results must be interpreted along with your symptoms, age and overall health. Starting lifelong thyroid medicine on the basis of a single borderline report, without proper evaluation, is a common mistake.

Living well with a thyroid condition

If medication is needed, it is safe, inexpensive and effective — but it works best when taken consistently, usually on an empty stomach, and reviewed with periodic blood tests. The dose often needs adjustment over time, so regular follow-up with your physician matters more than any single report.

If several of these symptoms sound familiar, a thyroid profile and a consultation will give you a clear answer.